Targum

Hebrew Bible translation into Aramaic by Jews

A targum (Imperial Aramaic: תרגום, interpretation, translation, version; plural: targumim) was an originally spoken translation of the Hebrew Bible (Hebrew: תַּנַ״ךְ, Tanakh) that a professional Jewish translator (מְתוּרגְמָן mǝṯurgǝmān) would give in the common language of the listeners when that was not Biblical Hebrew. This had become necessary near the end of the first century BCE, in cases where the common language was Aramaic, while Hebrew was used chiefly for schooling and worship. The translator frequently expanded his translation with paraphrases, explanations and examples, so it became a kind of sermon.

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