Statistical significance

Concept in inferential statistics

In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when a result at least as extreme would be very infrequent if the null hypothesis were true. More precisely, a study's defined significance level, denoted by α {\displaystyle \alpha } , is the probability of the study rejecting the null hypothesis, given that the null hypothesis is true; and the p-value of a result, p {\displaystyle p} , is the probability of obtaining a result at least as extreme, given that the null hypothesis is true. The result is said to be statistically significant, by the standards of the study, when p ≤ α {\displaystyle p\leq \alpha } .

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