Modular arithmetic

Computation modulo a fixed integer

In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic operations for integers, differing from the usual ones in that numbers "wrap around" when reaching or exceeding a certain value, called the modulus. The modern approach to number theory using modular arithmetic was developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, published in 1801. Modular arithmetic modulo m consists of systematically replacing the results of additions, multiplications, and subtractions by the remainder of the division by m.

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