Internal resistance to apartheid

1949–1994 social movement in South Africa

Several independent sectors of South African society opposed apartheid through various means, including nonviolent resistance, civil disobedience, guerrilla warfare, terrorism, and conventional warfare. Mass action against the ruling National Party (NP) government, coupled with South Africa's growing international isolation and economic sanctions, were instrumental in leading to negotiations to end apartheid, which began formally in 1990 and ended with South Africa's first multiracial elections under a universal franchise in 1994. Apartheid was adopted as a formal South African government policy by the NP following their victory in the 1948 general election.

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