Forcing (mathematics)

Technique for proving independence results

In set theory, forcing is a technique for proving consistency and independence results. Intuitively, forcing can be thought of as a technique to expand the set theoretical universe V {\displaystyle V} to a larger universe V [ G ] {\displaystyle V[G]} by introducing a new "generic" object G {\displaystyle G} . Forcing was first used by Paul Cohen in 1963, to prove the independence of the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis from Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory.

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