Cradle of civilization

Locations where civilization emerged

The earliest human civilizations developed independently of each other and a cradle of civilization is a location and a culture from which one of them emerged. A civilization is any complex society characterized by the development of a state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or spoken languages (namely, writing systems and graphic arts). Scholars generally acknowledge six cradles of civilization: Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient India and Ancient China are believed to be the earliest in Afro-Eurasia, while the Caral–Supe civilization of coastal Peru and the Olmec civilization of Mexico are believed to be the earliest in the Americas.

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