Carbon (API)

Application programming interface (API)

Carbon is a discontinued C-based application programming interface (API) developed by Apple for Mac OS X. Introduced to ease the transition from Mac OS 8 and Mac OS 9, it enabled developers to port ("carbonize") existing applications to Mac OS X while maintaining compatibility with the classic Mac OS. Carbon complemented Cocoa, the object-oriented API inherited from NeXTSTEP, which became Apple's primary application framework. As developers increasingly adopted Cocoa, particularly following the introduction of iOS, Carbon's role diminished. Apple never released a 64-bit version of most Carbon APIs, deprecated the framework in OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion in 2012, and removed it entirely with macOS 10.15 Catalina in 2019, leaving Cocoa as the primary native API for Mac application development.

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